Key terms
Plain-language definitions are followed by methodological context where needed.
A proposed socio-technical pathway in which repeated, curated and socially reinforced digital exposure interacts with grievance, identity, ideology and offline circumstances. AIR is not an ideology and does not imply that algorithms alone cause violence.
A governed descriptive classification of documented AIR pathway evidence in a case. It is not a danger rating, severity score or prediction.
A secondary structured measure of documented pathway evidence. It supports comparison within the governed case population; it should not be interpreted as individual risk.
A relationship in which a change in one factor produces a change in another. Correlation, timing or plausibility alone does not establish causation.
A project classification for coercive, intimidation-based or violent ideological mobilisation that may not meet a jurisdiction’s formal terrorism definition.
The extent to which values use equivalent definitions, units, populations, age bands, years and collection methods.
A statistical measure of association. Correlation can reflect a direct relationship, shared trends, confounding, measurement choices or chance; it is not causal proof.
The arithmetic mean of available, comparable values for the five countries. Missing values are excluded, not converted to zero.
A pre-specified date or period used to examine whether a recorded pattern changes around a socio-technical or geopolitical event. It is a reference point, not a causal conclusion.
A value expressed in standard deviations from the selected group mean. Zero is the centre line. Standardisation aids comparison but does not correct weak source comparability.